srtucture

CHAPTER 1

INDTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 

English is a universal language that is used and studied by all countries in the world. When someone is just learning English, they may be confused in understanding English verbs. Verbs in English have a verb definition. Just like the Indonesian language, in English also recognize the name of the verb or verb. Of course, in one sentence it has one verb. Because the terms of the sentence or sentence are at least consisting of a subject and a verb. There is a subject (doer) and there is a verb (verb or activity) that is done by the actor/subject.

Learning about the parts of speech is the first step in grammar research just as learning the letters is the first step to being able to read and write. From studying the parts of speech we begin to understand the use or function of words and how words are joined together to make meaningful communication. To understand what a part of speech is you have to understand the idea of putting similar things into a group or category.

B. Formulatin Of the Problem 

1) What is the meaning of Verb?

2) How and the forms and kinds of verbs?

3) How do verbs function in a sentence?

C. Scope of Problem 

1) Kinds of verbs (Lexical verbs, finite and non finite verbs, Auxiliary)

2) Sub type of Lexical verbs

3) Direct object form

4) Types of verb

5) Us us of verb

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A.Definition of Verb

A verb (verb) is used to express the activity of something or a group of nouns. In a sentence, the verb works as a predicate. Verbs generally require an object (called transitive verbs), but there are also some verbs that do not require an object (called intransitive verbs). Verbs are the most important types of words in a sentence. Even in spoken language, with just a verb we can express an idea that can be understood by others.

B. Kinds of Verbs

1) Transitive Verbs (verbs that require an object)

Transitive Verbs need an object so that the sentence becomes complete and has meaning. Transitive verbs include: learn, open,close,hit , sell, touch, want, clean, bring, buy ask, write.

Example:

• I want that expensive Bag. 

(The word ‘want’ cannot stand alone without an object because the meaning of the sentence will be unclear – what do you want?)

2) Intransitive Verbs (Verbs that don’t need an object)

Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not need to be followed by a direct object.

Intransitive This happens because the object does not function as the recipient of the action because the action that occurs does not involve a direct object. Intransitive verbs include: sleep, fall, come, die, go, lie, work arrive, sneeze, cry. Atc

Example:

• She cried

• She sneezed

• My sister is sleeping

• There are also verbs that can function as transitive and intasitive: eat, run.

3) Auxilliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used to help clarify the main verb.

Types of Auxiliary Verbs

There are three auxiliary verbs used in English sentences. Among others are:

• Be: am, is, are, was, were, being, been, and to be.

It is usually used to describe verbs, nouns, and present participles

For its use, you also have to adjust to the tense used. For example:

• I am

• I was 

• He is

• There are 

• You were

Example: You are not helping us.

• Do : does, did, done.

This word serves to emphasize the feeling or verb in front of it

Example:

• She’s done waiting for you.

• He doesn’t care about people’s works

• I do love you, you must know that.

• Have: Lastly, there is have which is used for perfect tense. Not only have, had and has also can be used in sentences according to time and conditions.

Example:

• We have arrived at a villa in Bandung this morning.

• My sister had eaten all of my lunch that I kept in the refrigerator.

• My mother has returned home this morning.

4) Lexical Verbs

Lexical verbs are main verbs or any verbs other than auxiliary verbs 

Example:

• Run, laugh, see, think, want, act, pull, walk, go, make.

Example sentences containing only lexical verbs

• He laughs

• They run 

• She dance in public 

5) Finite and non Finite verbs

• Finite verbs 

Finite Verb is the main verb in English sentences. This type of verb is not accompanied by an auxiliary or changed into the present participle (verb-ing).

Exaample:

• My Mother bought a pack of biscuit

• She writes everyday

• Levi plays the guitar

• Non-Finite Verb

Non-Finite Verb is actually the opposite of Finite Verb. If Finite Verb is the main verb in English and can’t be changed using an auxiliary verb, then Non-Finite can be changed into a verb in the form of a participle, gerund, infinitive, adjective, and adverb.

Example:

• He is repaired that broken clock.

• Levi love to plays the piano

• Delivering a pizza is a simple job

6) Sub type of lexical verbs

Lexical verbs are the main verbs (or action words) in a sentence. They can show the subject’s action or express a state of being. They fall into several categories: transitive, intransitive, linking, dynamic, and static.

• Linking verbs 

That is a verb that functions to connect the subject with the complement that explains it. The word associated with the subject is called the subject complement. If we replace the connecting verb with to be (am, is, are, was, etc.), then the meaning does not change. Common Linking Verbs are:

• To be (am,are,is)

• Stay 

• Taste

• Seem

• Smell

• Sound

• Grow 

• Remain 

• Become

7) Direct object form

Direct obejct is a noun or pronoun that receives an action of a verb in the sentences

Direct object menjawab pertanyaan “whom” atau “what” setelah action verb.

Example

• Benny  teaches math. –> teaches what?

• I have read the journal. —> have read what?

• She called her mother. –> called whom?

Noun Substitute as Direct Object

Noun substitutes are words, phrases, or clauses that can act as nouns, which include: noun clause, gerund (phrase), and infinitive (phrase).

• Everybody hates waiting

• I want to buy the book tomorrow.

• I hope that he stops his singing.

Indirect Object (IO)

Indirect object is a noun, pronoun, or noun substitute that explains for whom or what an action verb is doing. This object answers the question “to/for whom” or “to/for what”. A verb is followed by an indirect object only if it has a direct object. The two objects are always different people, places, things, animals, or things

Example:

• My uncle donated his salary to charity. –> Donated his salary to what?

• Indirect Object Position

Indirect objects can be placed before the direct object (flanked by verbs) or after it by adding the preposition “to” or “for”. For information, the combination of the indirect object with the preposition forms

Example

• He will tell us all the facts. ≈ He will tell all the facts to us.

• Direct-Indirect Object 

The use of indirect objects with prepositions, especially when both objects (DO and IO) are pronouns. The goal is to make the sentence sound natural

Example

• Before Yulia went to London, she informed us it it to us.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSSION

Verb is the word to show action, for example to buy, to write, to read, to run, and etc. And to showstate of being, for example to be, to have, to become, to seem, and etc.Verb is the most important word in a sentence. Without verbs we cannot make a sentence.

Source

https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/finite-verb-dan-non-finite-verb-bahasa-inggris/

https://pintarbahasainggris.com/community/grammar/pengertian-kata-kerja-leksikal-lexical-verb-fungsi-contoh-dan-penggunaannya-pada-kalimat/

https://uc.xyz/12hg76?pub=link

https://uc.xyz/12hhKo?pub=link

https://uc.xyz/12hhHE?pub=link