writing general report

WRITTING MID TEST

                         PLOT IN THE NOVEL 

               THE PEARL BY JOHN STEINBECK

Lecturer  : Erik Candra Pertala, S.S, M.HUM

Arranged by: Yanti Damayanti (2030921006)

     ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM

                FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE 

                            AND HUMANIORA

   

                  MUHAMADIYAH UNIVERSITY 

                                  SUKABUMI

                                        2022

                                PREFACE 

The writer extends special thanks to the God for the blessing and grace for the writer, so he can finish this paper on time. Thanks to Mr.Erik as the English teacher for who always help her students and give a lot of useful knowlegde.

It is one of the assignments in English subject. Consists of an explanation of the plot elements in the novel The Pearl by John Steinbeck This is not a perfect model so the writer expects the critic and suggestion in order to make it better.

Hopefully this paper can be used as a reference to learn about the extrinsic elements of a short story.

Sukabumi, April 23,  2022.

The Writter:

Yanti Damayanti.

                             

                             CHAPTER 1

                          INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Background

Humans use language to communicate, both verbal and nonverbal. Verbal language is language that is conveyed through human speech. While the nonverbal language of which is written language that is done by humans. The language conveyed by humans is certainly based on reason. Reason is a consideration of good or bad in determining something.

The variety of languages ​​that exist in everyday life are classified into two, namely spoken language and written language. Spoken language is an expression of one's inner experience in speech, the relationship arising from the use of this language is the speaker and the listener. Written language is an expression of one's inner experience in written form, the reviews that arise from this language experience are the writer and the reader.

The embodiments and relationships caused by the two types are indeed different but both have one thing in common, namely as a communication tool to make ideas and ideas that exist in the human mind. In development, various written languages ​​emerged as a means of expressing ideas, the idea of ​​a human thought in detail and in more detail than spoken language.

Variety of written language appears as a means of expressing ideas, this one thought idea includes scientific works in the form of journals, papers, magazines, newspapers, newspapers and so on. Literary works describe one of the various written languages ​​that are widely found in language learning. And is an expression of human expression in the form of written or oral works based on comma thoughts, experiences, to feelings in imaginative forms. A reflection of reality or original data made in aesthetic packaging through language media.

The above understanding is reinforced by Sumardjo and Saini (1997:3) who argue that literature is ungkapan pribadi manusia yang berupa pengalaman, pemikiran, perasaan ide, semangat, keyakinan dalam suatu bentuk gambaran konkret yang membangkitkan pesona dengan alat bahasa. 

Why can the form be in the form of imagination, or even real data together? Because there are types of non-fiction literature. This category takes data in the form of historical data. Then package it in aesthetic writing to make it more appealing to the reader.

Meanwhile, even though a written work is fiction, it can still reflect reality. As Saryono (2009:10) bahwa sastra mempunyai kemampuan untuk merekam pengalaman yang empiris natural maupun pengalaman yang nonemperis -supernatural. Simply put, literature is something that doesn't stop being talked about throughout the ages. Its meaning continues to be debated in line with the opinions of the actors and the times. So, to find out its development, therefore, it is better for us to know the various opinions of experts regarding the meaning of this literature.

The history of the emergence of literature, this science was previously quite old, the origins of which emerged when the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC) more than 2000 years ago wrote a book entitled Poetica (Greek) which means: Poetry, writer, maker. This paper contains about tragedy dramas and literary theory in general.

Furthermore, the term poetica in literature is called various terms. For example, W. H. Hudson cited the Study of Literature. Literature itself comes from the Latin literature which means learning, writing and grammar. René Wellek and Austin Warren called it Theory of Literature while Andre Lefevere called it Literary knowledge. 

Meanwhile, A teeuw uses the term Literary Scholarship which means literature.

When we read literary works, we do not immediately get an understanding of the contents of the essay, this is because the delivery is different from the delivery of events in general. From this, we can be encouraged to think deeper, reflect more deeply, explore awareness and a deeper sense of empathy. So that we can interpret the contents of the literary work by ourselves with our thoughts and reflections, and then we apply it in everyday life.

The influence of literary works is so great that the writer is interested in analyzing the novel "The Pearl by John Steinbeck". This novel tells the story of a pearl fisherman named Kino and his wife Juana and their baby Coyotito, who live happily in their own eyes. Happiness slowly faded after Kino found "the pearl of the world", how the pearl was found then the pearl was lost. The author himself focuses on analyzing this novel on the elements of the plot / plot. Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated, plot is the soul of a novel. On that basis, the researcher took the title "Plot in the novel the Pearl by John Steinbeck".

1.2 Formulation Of The Problem

Based on the explanation of the background above, the problems that will be raised in this research are as follows:

1. how is the plot/line in the novel The Pearl? 2. what is the type of plot in the novel

     The Pearl?

3. How are the stages of the plot in the novel       The Pearl?

1.3 Research Purposes

Based on the problem formulation above, the purpose of this research is to reveal and describe the stages of the plot/plot in the novel "The Pearl" by John Steinbeck.

                             CHAPTER 2

                      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Research First

A scientific work absolutely needs a reference that supports the project he is working on. This research refers to the research that has been done before. This can be used as a starting point in conducting research and functioning in the systematic development of research beforehand which has something to do with the research to be carried out. Therefore, a review of previous research is very important to know its relevance. Along with the development of literary science, literary research that discusses the plot has been widely carried out including, research that has been carried out by Antina Gwijangge (2019) in her thesis entitled " Analisis Plot dalam Novel Disini Cinta Pertama Kali Bersemi karya Mira.W”. 

Focused on plot, events, conflict and climax stages. This research uses a descriptive method. According to Keraf (1993: 109-110) 

metode deskriptif adalah metode yang

berusaha menggambar kan segala sesuatu yang apa adanya. 

Researchers in this study focused on the stages of plot and plot structure, namely: the analysis was carried out by looking at the stages of plot development of structural rules. The plot stages and describe the plot structure in the novel "Disini Cinta Pertama Kali Bersemi karya Mira. W"

while the results of Antina's research are that there are 4 elements in this novel, namely events, conflict, climax, early stages, middle stages and final stages.

2.2 Theoretical Basic

The definition of plot according to (Anumudin, 1987:83) rangkaian peristiwa yang dibentuk oleh tahapan-tahapan peristiwa sehingga membentuk suatu cerita yang dihadirkan oleh para pelaku dalam suatu cerita. 

According to (Hartoko, 1984:149), the plot is kontruksi mengenai rekaan peristiwa, yang secara logistik dan kronologis juga saling berkaitan yang dialami oleh para pelaku.

According to (Eneste, 1989: 19) says plot adalah cerita tentang kejadian dengan tekanan pada sebab akibat.

The researcher uses several experts to examine the expert matters contained in the novel "The Pearl by John Steinbeck", especially on plot elements and plot stages referring to descriptions and general descriptions of modern Indonesian literary life. In the novel The Pearl is a fictional story. What is written on the characters is motion and real life actions, not just feelings.

The researcher uses several theories from literary experts to examine the things contained in the novel "The Pearl", especially the plot elements and plot stages.

                              CHAPTER 3 

                Research Object and Method

3.1 Research Methods and Techniques

Data was collected through library research by reading books on literature that can be used as a reference in this study. After that, the researcher reads the novel "The Pearl" and then identifies and clarifies one by one the problems related to the plot and stages of the plot, this research uses a descriptive method. According to (Keraf, 1993:109-110) descriptive method is metode yang berusaha menggambarkan segala sesuatu yang apa adanya.

Researchers in this study focused on plot elements and plot stages, namely the analysis carried out by looking at the elements of plot development, plot stages and describing the plot structure in the novel "The Pearl".

3.2 Data Source

This data is taken from the novel "The Pearl" by John Steinbeck. The novel was published in various countries by Persviking (United States), William Heihemann (United Kingdom), and Fondo de Cultura Economina (Mexico and other Latin America). The first edition of the novel was published in the United States and continues to Mexico in English, Spanish and Portuguese. First published year 1947.

3.3 Research Methods

Data collection was carried out through library research by reading literate books on literature that could be used as a reference in this study. After that, the researcher reads the novel "The Pearl" and then identifies and classifies one by one the problems that have to do with the plot and stages of the plot. 

The researcher in this study focuses on the stages of the plot and the structure of the plot, the type of plot in the novel "The Pearl" by John Steinbeck.

                               CHAPTER 4

                              DISCUSSION

4.1 Data Result

▪︎ Situation

The Pearl which takes place in the city of La Paz begins with a description of the life of the seemingly beautiful Kino family, his partner Juana and their baby Coyoyito. Kino himself is a pearl fisherman and lives in simplicity, the family enjoys their life. Kino listens to The Song of Family in every routine of his life, they live happily in their own eyes. As in the following quote:

Kino awakened in the near of the dark and he looked at hangin box where Coyotito slept then he turned to Juana, his wife. The rythm of the family song was the grinding stone while Juana worked the corn for the morning cakes. Kino heard the creak of the rope when Juana took Coyotito out hang box. Juana sang softly...Coyotito...and it was part of the family song too...this is safety, this is warmth, this is whole

(Steinbeck,1963:1-4)

▪︎Generation Circumstances

The seeds of conflict in The Pearl appeared when Coyotito was stung by a scorpion even though here Kino tried to protect Coyotito and Juana asked for help through his ancient magic spell but the scorpion fell on Coyotito's shoulder. Coyotito's encounter with the scorpion illustrates the possible danger that will befall this family. The scorpion symbolizes an evil figure accompanied by the song of evil music that appears in Kino's mind.

A Scorpion moved slowly. Kino stood perfectly still, he could hear Juana whispering the old magic again and he could the evil music of the enemy. Kino’s hand went forward very slowly, at the moment the laughing Coyotito shoock the rope and the Scropion fell. Kino’s hand leaped to catch it, but it fell part of his fingers, fell on the baby’s shoulder, landed and struck. (Steinbeck,1963:5)

The news of Coyotito being stung by a scorpion was heard by their neighbors when Juana ordered to call the Doctor but they said the Doctor could not come to the poor like them. Kino's encounter with the Doctor illustrates this point sharply, as the Doctor basically let Coyotito die because Kino couldn't afford to pay for his treatment.

“It is a little Indian with a baby. He says a Scorpion stung it”

“Have I nothing better to do than can insect bites for “little Indian” I am a Doctor not a veterinary” said the Doctor and ask “has he any money?” “ no they have any money. I alone in the world an supposed to work for nothing and I am tired of it see if he any money”

“ Have you money to pay for the threatment?”. Now Kino reachead into a secret place somewhere, by crease he unfolded it. Until at last then came to view eight small misshapen seed pearls, as ugly and gray as little ulces. Flattened and almost valueless.

“The Doctor has gone.” He said “ he was caused to a serious case.” (Steinbeck,1963:11)

▪︎Rising Action 

In chapter II, it is told that Kino has found "the Pearl of the World" Kino and Juana along the beach using their boat the most valuable thing he has. The news that Kino had found “the Pearl of the World” spread throughout the city. The news came to neighbors, priests, doctors, merchants. Juan Thomas his brother asked Kino, what will Kino do after Kino becomes rich? Kino replied he imagined he and Juana would marry in the Church, seeing Coyotito wearing a Yatching hat after the sailor from the United States and Coyotito's education. His wild thoughts were that he wanted a gun which took Juana by surprise. Kino had high hopes for the pearl which he believed would change his fate.

In the pearl he saw Juana and Coyotito and himself standing and kneeling at the high altar and they were being married that they could pay he spoke softly “we will be married in the church. But Coyotito he was the one he wore a blue sailor suit from United states and little yatching cap. All of these things Kino saw the lucent pearl and he said “we will have new clothes” litte thing Kino wanted: a harpoon. His lips moved hesistantly over this “A rifle” he said “perhaps a rifle” (Steinbeck,1963:24-25)

But Kino face shone with prophecy “my son will read and open the books, and my son will write and will knowing writing and my son will make numbers and these things will make us free because he will know and through him we will know” (Steinbeck,1963:26)

The impossible expectations Kino imagined, without thinking that the pearl would bring evil to him. The event of the seizure of pearls by several figures that will hinder its goals, these conflicts come at the stage of rising action. Minor conflicts came from the neighbors who kept an eye on Kino from the outside, the hostility shown to Kino and Juana was the general jealousy of the neighbors over luck and they also wanted the pearl for themselves.

“He was a man transfigured. Some power was given to him and these it started. You see what a great man he has become, staring from that moment and I my self saw it”

And if Kino’s planning came nothing, those same neighboard says

“there is started. A foolish madness came over him so that se spoke foolish. God keep us from such things. Yes, God punished Kino because he rebbeled againts the way thing are. You see what has become of him. And I myself saw the moment when his reason left him.” (Steinbeck,1963:26)

Suspicious plans came from Doctors and Pastors who openly visited his house. This showed that the danger Kino faced was not from jealous neighbors. Rather, it is from them whose economic situation is secure and only wants greater luxuries. Kino was of course aware of the attitude of the neighbors, the Pastor and the Doctor deliberately came to his house and acted sweet. They just want the pearl. Kino is very protective of everyone who will take the pearl.

“it has come to me that thou has found a great fortune, a great pearl” 

“I hope thou wit remember to give thanks,my son, to him who has given these treasure and to pray for guidance in the future” 

“We will Father, and we will be married now, Kino has said so” “God bless you” (Steinbeck,1963:28) 

The Doctor was to closing his bag now. He said “ when do you think you can pay this bill?”. He said it even kindly. “when I have sold my pearl I will pay you” Kino said. “you have a pearl? A good pearl? “ “ He was found “the Pearl of the World” kino will be a rich man” “ it is a pearl such as one has never seen” “ I had not heard of it. Do you keep this pearl in safe place? Perhaps you would like me to put it in my safe?”. (Steinbeck,1963:35) 

After he had proved the night with his senses he went to the place by the side post whem the pearl was burried and he dug it up and brought it to his sleeping mat. He dug another little hole in the dirt floor and burried the pearl and covered it up again. And Juana watched him amd asked “who do you fear?” Kino searched for a true answered “everyone” (Steinbeck,1963:36) 

In La Paz the whole town knew Kino was going to sell the pearl, even Juana Kino and Coyotito were wearing fine clothes. The neighbors couldn't possibly miss today, the day they call a historic day. They accompanied Kino and Juan Thomas to warn Kino not to be fooled by the price. Juan Thomas tells the story of a man with a lost pearl that never returns. Tensions arose between Kino and the merchants during bargaining, Kino was surprised that they valued this pearl at a low price far from what he wanted the merchants to judge that the pearl was just an ordinary pearl but Kino insisted that the pearl was "the Pearl of the World" Kino feel cheated and he will sell it elsewhere even to the capital.

The dealer said “this pearl is like of foolish gold. Is too large, who would buy it theres is not market for such thing. It is curiously only. I am sorry you thought it was a thing of value and its only a curiously” now Kino face was preplexed and worried and said “this is the Pearl of the world “he shouted. “ it is too large and clumsy. As couriusly it has interest: some museum might perhaps take it to place in a collection of seashells. I can give you a thohsand pesos.” Kino’s face grew dark and dangerous. “it is worth fifty thousand” he said “ you know it. You want to cheat me “ Kino cried fiercely. “ my pearl is not for sale here. I will go, perhaps even to the capital. (Steinbeck,1963:49-52)

This threat to Kino strengthened his resolve however he had high hopes for the pearl. He thought the pearl was his only chance, even if he behaved brutally. Meanwhile Juana continued to warn Kino about the disastrous effects of the pearl. Juana still maintains her realistic thinking of the pearl effect. For Juana the pearl symbolizes great evil and suffering.

“Kino, this pearl is evil let us destroy it before destroy us. Let us cruh it between two stones. Let us throw it back in the sea where it belongs. Kino, is it evil is it evil” said Juana.

“I will fight this things I will win over it. We will have our chance no one shall take our good fortune from us. (Steinbeck,1963:56-57)

The people who attacked Kino were not identified, although Kino thought they were pearl agents. In a series of disasters that befell Juana and Kino, they lost their canoe and brush house while defending themselves. Kino even attacked Juana when he was about to throw away the pearl. Juana noticed a change in Kino whose sanity was in doubt. Kino even committed murder and said that the pearl had become his soul. Juan Thomas also warned Kino that the pearl contained evil and he said "go with God" when he was about to travel north as if it was a farewell and a tragic ending for Kino and Juana.

“ they have taken the pearl, I have lost it. Now it is over” he said “ the pearl is gone.” Juana said “here is your pearl, I found it in the path. Can you hear me now? Here is your pearl. Can you understand? You have killed a man. We must go away. They will come for us, can you understand? We must be gone before the daylight comes” (Steinbeck,1963:61)

“It is the Pearl?” said Juan thomas. “their is a devil in this pearl, you must should have sold it and passed on the devil. Perhaps you van still sell it and buy peace for yourself”

And kino said “oh my brother, an insult has been put on me that is deeper than my life. For on the beach my canoe is broken my house is burned and in the brush a dead man lies. Eveey escape is cut off you must hide us my brother.” ( Steinbeck,1963:64-65)

Juan thomas embrached his brother with the double embrace and kissed him on both cheeks “ Go with God” he said and it was like a death . “ you will not give up the pearl?”

“This is the pearl has become my soul” said Kino. “if I give up I shall lose my soul. Go thou also with God.” (Steinbeck,1963:66)

▪︎Climax

As Kino and Juana traveled north, Kino felt both excitement and fear at the same time, they tried to cover their sting. Juana asks what if the pearl is really worthless and it's just an illusion Kino denies and says the pearl dealers can't possibly follow him if the pearl is worthless. Kino also warned Juana that whoever followed him would take the pearl. While traveling Kino still imagined that after he sold the pearls he would marry in the church, gun, and Coyotito's education.

“whoever finds as will take the pearl on they will have” and Juana said “perhaps the dealer were right and the pearl has no value, perhaps those all been an illusion”. Kino said they “ they would not have tried to steal if it had been vauless”

“ When we sell it last, I will have a rifle....we will be married in a great church....our son must learn to learn” (Steinbeck,1963:71)

They rest and from a distance they hear a sound and there are 3 trackers. Kino realized that if the trackers found him he would take his rifle and kill him otherwise it was Kinola who would be killed by the trackers for the pearl. Kino and Juana fled to the mountains, Kino ordered Juana to take Coyotito and separate because the tracker they wanted was the pearl but Juana flatly refused. They hide in the cave, Kino finds the tracker near the river, so as not to be seen Kino takes off his clothes and creeps near them. Coyotito was crying while Juana tried to calm him down, the sound of Coyotito's crying was heard by the trackers who guessed that it was the voice of a Coyotte Puppy. Just as the tracker was about to shoot Kino pounced on them with a knife and a gun. Attacking them as if he was possessed by an evil figure attacked brutally, his mind unconscious. Even though here Kino was protecting his family Kino woke up with a gunshot while with a death cry, Coyotito had been shot.

“What is it?” “ I don’t know.” Said the watchers “ it sounds like a cry, almost like a human like a...baby” “ you can’t tell some Coyotte bitch with a little, i’ve heard a Coyyote pup cry like a baby” “ if it’s a Coyotte, this will stop it.” The watchers said as he raised the gun. (Steinbeck,1963:86)

And then Kino stood uncertaintly. Something way wrong, some signal was trying to get through to his brain and then Kino’s brain cleared from it’s red concentration and he know the sound the keening, moaning, rising hysterical cry from the little cave in the side of the stone mountain the cry of death. (Steinbeck,1963:87)

▪︎Denouement

Kino returned to La Paz with the one possession he desperately wanted, a rifle. But he had lost Coyotito. They came back as though they had been through a tragic event, people said they had been through the pain, with Kino holding a gun and Juana wrapped around his bloodied scarf. Kino and Juana walked through the city without a word, just staring straight ahead with a blank stare even they ignored their broken canoe and their burning attitude house. When Kino reached the water's edge he decided to trow away the pearl Coyotito's death had made him change his view of the pearl, the pearl had destroyed his hopes it had ruined his life the pearl was possessed by an evil figure ugly pearl of weathered gray. Inside the pearl there was only tragedy, in the pearl Kino saw Coyotito lying in a small cave with the top of his head shot.

And then Kino laid the rifle down and he dug among his clothes and then he held the great pearl in his hand. He looked into it’s surface and it was gray amd ulcelous. Evil faves peered from it into his eyes and he saw the lighgt of burning. And in the surface it into his eyes, he saw the franctic eyes of the man in the pool and in the surface of pearl he saw Coyotito lying in the little cave with the top of his head shot away. And the pearl was ugly it was gray, like a malignant growt and Kino hear the music of the pearl distroted ans insane. (Steinbeck,1936:89)

And Kino drew his back arm and flung the pearl with all his might. Kino and Juana watched it go. Wingking and glimmering under the setting sun. They saw the little splash in the distance. And the pearl settled into the lovely green. And the pearl lay on the floor of the sea. A crab scampering over the bottom raised a little cloud of sand. When it settled the pearl was gone and the music of the pearl drifted to a whisper and dissapeared.(Steinbeck,1963:90)

Coyotito's death had awakened him, that's when Kino thought who would provide for the future if Coyotito wasn't around? And the pearl was just an empty parable just an illusion that Kino created to pursue his ambitions. The pearl exists but could not provide a better future for Juana dam Kino without Coyotito the pearl is worth nothing. Kimo decides to throw away the worthless pearl in the sense that the pearl has no power to provide a better future for Kino and Juana.

                              CHAPTER 5

                             CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the results of research and discussion of the novel "The Pearl" by John Steinbeck, it can be concluded that the plot stages in this novel are divided into 5 stages, namely: the situation stage, the generation circumstances stage, the rising action stage, the climax stage and the denouement stage. The situation stage is the introduction of background depictions in the novel “the pearl”, such as Kino a pearl fisherman who lives with his wife Juana and their baby Coyotito. the generation circumstance stage, namely the emergence of conflict seeds that ignite the next conflict when Coyotito is stung by a scorpion brings up the next action or scene, the rising action stage is the emergence of a series of events between characters during the struggle for pearls by doctors, priests and thieves, the climax stage is the peak of the conflict and occurs only once when Kino kills 3 pearl agents and Coyotito's death and the denouement stage is the completion of the end of the story when Kino decides to throw "the pearl of the world" in the novel "the pearl" (Nurgiyantoro, 2015: 2019)

For the type of plot in the novel "The Pearl" it goes into a progressive/chronological plot because the sequence of events is arranged forward like the discussion above and for the end of the story it goes into a close pot type because Coyotito's death has changed Kino's view of the pearl and decided to make it happen. Plot research in John Green's novel "The Pearl" is still limited in terms of plot stages, therefore it is recommended that other research be carried out. Being able to reach aspects of the plot and study in the field of literature, this research is not perfect, therefore researchers can research specifically and go deeper to examine and describe the stages of the plot.

                          Bibliography

John Steinbeck. 1963.The Pearl. United States: Pers Viking

Sumardjo dan Saini.1997. Apresiasi Kesustraan.Gramedia Pustaka Utama 

Hartoko. 1984. Pengatar Ilmu Sastra. Jakarta: Gunung Agung

Nurgiyantoro. Burhan. 2007. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada

University press.

Keraf. A. Sony. 1977. Etika Bisnis: Membangun Citra Sebagai Profesi Luhur

Yogyakarta: Kanisius.